Librería Servicio Médico

Author : West / Brown

Language: English

Finishing : Paperback, 274 pages

ISBN : 978-0-470-67421-5

Edition Number: 2/2013

Description:

The word ‘addiction’ these days is used to refer to a chronic condition where there is an unhealthily powerful motivation to engage in a particular behaviour. This can be driven by many different factors – physiological, psychological, environmental and social. If we say that it
is all about X, we miss V, W, Y and Z. So, some people think addicts are using drugs to escape from unhappy lives, feelings of anxiety and so on; many are. Some people think drugs become
addictive because they alter the brain chemistry to create powerful urges; that is often true. Others think that drug taking is about seeking after pleasure; often it is. Some take the view that
addiction is a choice – addicts weigh up the pros and cons of doing what they do and decide the former outweigh the latter. Yet others believe that addicts suffer from poor impulse control; that is often true… And so it goes on.

When you look at the evidence, you see that all these positions capture important aspects of the problem – but they are not complete explanations. Neuroscience can help us delve more
deeply into some of these explanations, while the behavioural and social sciences are better at exploring others. We need a model that puts all this together in a way that can help us decide
what to do in different cases. Should we prescribe a drug, give the person some ‘tender loving care’, put them in prison or what? Theory of Addiction provides this synthesis.

The first edition was well received:

‘Throughout the book the reader is exposed to a vast number of useful observations...The theoretical aims are timely, refreshing, ambitious and above all challenging. It opens up a new
way of looking at addiction and has the potential to move the field of addiction a considerable leap forward. Thus we wholeheartedly would like to recommend the book for students as well as scholars. Read and learn!’ Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

‘The book provides a comprehensive review of existing theories - over 30 in all - and this synthesis of theories constitutes an important contribution in and of itself... West is to be
commended for his synthesis of addiction theories that span neurobiology, psychology and social science and for his insights into what remains unexplained.’ Addiction

This new edition of Theory of Addiction builds on the first, including additional theories in the field, a more developed specification of PRIME theory and analysis of the expanding evidence base. With this important new information, Theory of Addiction will continue to be essential reading
for all those working in addiction, from student to experienced practitioner – as urged above, Read and learn! 

Table Of Contents:

• Preface ix
• 1 Introduction: journey to the centre of addiction 1
• Preparing for the journey 1
• In the end 3
• What this book does 5
• The synthetic theory of addiction in brief 7
• References 9
• 2 Definition, theory and observation 10
• Defining addiction (addiction is not an elephant) 10
• Diagnosing and measuring addiction 20
• Theory and supposition 22
• ‘Big observations’ in the field of addiction 30
• Recapitulation 36
• References 36
• 3 Beginning the journey: addiction as choice 41
• Addiction as a reflective choice 41
• Box 3.1 The myth of addiction 44
• Box 3.2 Vaguely right or precisely wrong? The Theory of Rational Addiction 45
• Box 3.3 The Self-medication Model of addiction 50
• Box 3.4 Opponent Process Theory 53
• Irrational, ill-informed choice and unstable preferences 60
• Box 3.5 Expectancy Theories 62
• Box 3.6 Skog’s Choice Theory 65
• Box 3.7 Slovic’s Affect Heuristic 67
• Box 3.8 Cognitive Bias Theories 70
• Box 3.9 Behavioural Economic Theories 72
• Box 3.10 Gateway Theory 78
• Box 3.11 The Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change 80
• Box 3.12 Identity shifts and behaviour change 86
• Addiction as the exercise of choice based on desires 87
• References 89
• 4 Choice is not enough: the concepts of impulse and self-control 95
• Reports of feelings of compulsion 95
• Powerful motives versus impaired control 96
• Box 4.1 The Disease Model of addiction 96
• Personality and addiction typologies 98
• Box 4.2 Tridimensional Personality Theory 98
• Self-efficacy 100
• Box 4.3 Self-efficacy Theory 100
• The transition from lapse to relapse 102
• Box 4.4 The Abstinence Violation Effect 102
• Impulse control 105
• Box 4.5 Inhibition Dysregulation Theory 106
• Self-regulation as a broadly based concept 108
• Box 4.6 Self-regulation Theory 108
• Urges and craving 108
• Box 4.7 A Cognitive Model of Drug Urges 109
• Addiction as a failure of self-control over desires and urges 110
• References 111
• 5 Addiction, habit and instrumental learning 114
• Instrumental learning 114
• Box 5.1 Instrumental learning (operant conditioning) and addiction 115
• Mechanisms underpinning instrumental learning 118
• Box 5.2 The Dopamine Theory of Drug Reward 119
• Box 5.3 Addiction arising from functional neurotoxicity of drugs 121
• Classical conditioning 122
• Box 5.4 Classical conditioning and addiction 122
• More complex learning models 124
• Box 5.5 Addiction as a learning/memory process 125
• Box 5.6 Incentive Sensitisation Theory 126
• Box 5.7 Balfour’s theory of differential drug effects within the nucleus accumbens 129
• Social learning 130
• Box 5.8 Social Learning Theory 131
• Associative learning 133
• References 133
• 6 Addiction in populations, and comprehensive theories 136
• Addiction in populations 136
• Box 6.1 Diffusion Theory 137
• Comprehensive theories of addiction 139
• Box 6.2 Excessive Appetites Theory 140
• Box 6.3 The Pathways Model of pathological gambling 146
• What is addiction and how can we explain it? 149
• References 150
• 7 Development of a comprehensive theory 152
• A functional classification of theories of addiction 153
• Addiction as reflective choice 158
• Addiction as irrational choice 162
• Addiction, compulsion and self-control 165
• Addiction, instrumental learning and habit 168
• Addiction, choice, compulsion and habit 179
• References 185
• 8 A synthetic theory of motivation 192
• Understanding behaviour in context: the COM-B model 192
• Focus on motivational theory 194
• The human motivational system 194
• Structure and function of the human motivational system 195
• The ‘head model’ 205
• Momentum and inertia 206
• Adaptation: ways in which experience affects motivational disposition 207
• The ‘representational system’, consciousness and dual process models 210
• Self and self-control 213
• Mental effort and motivational resources 216
• What motivates us 216
• The unstable mind 218
• A summary: key propositions from PRIME theory 225
• References 227
• 9 A theory of addiction 229
• Addiction is 229
• The pathologies underlying addiction 230
• A return to some ‘big observations’ about addiction 233
• The abnormalities underlying addiction 241
• Effects of interventions 244
• Recommendations and predictions regarding addiction interventions 244
• Testing the theory 250
• First results 251
• Conclusions 252
• References 253
• Index 257

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