Librería Servicio Médico

Autor:  P. R. Mouton

Encuadernación: 280 págs 

Idioma: English

Referencia: 978-1-118-44421-4

Nº Edición: 2014

Contenido:

Stereological methods provide researchers with unparalleled quantitative data from tissue samples and allow for well-evidenced research advances in a broad range of scientific fields. Presenting a concise introduction to the methodology and application of stereological research in neuroscience, Neurostereology provides a fuller understanding of the use of these methods in research and a means for replicating successful scientific approaches. Providing sound footing for future research, Neurostereology is a useful tool for basic and clinical researchers and advanced students looking to integrate these methods into their research.

Tabla de Contenidos:

Contributors ix
Preface xiii
1 Stereological Estimation of Brain Volume and Surface Area from MR Images 3

• Niyazi Acer and Mehmet Turgut
• Background 3
• The Cavalieri Principle 3
• Volume Estimation Using Spatial Grid of Points 7
• Surface Area Estimation 8
• Isotropic Cavalieri Design 14
• Sections Analyzed with Independent Grid Design 14
• Surface Area Using the Invariator 16
• Volume and Surface Area Estimation Using Segmentation Method 17
• Discussion 18
• References 19
• Webliography 21
• Appendix A: R Commands for Point Counting Method 21
• Appendix B: R Commands for Vertical Section to Estimate Surface Area 23

2 Cell Proliferation in the Brains of Adult Rats Exposed to Traumatic Brain Injury 27

• Sandra A. Acosta, Naoki Tajiri, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan
• Background 27
• Materials and Methods 28
• Results 29
• Discussion 33
• Acknowledgments 37
• References 37

3 Age Effects in Substantia Nigra of Asian Indians 39

• Phalguni Anand Alladi
• Background 39
• Materials and Methods 40
• Discussion 43
• Acknowledgments 48
• References 49

4 Design-Based Stereology in the Brain Bank Setting 53

• Mark W. Burke
• Background 53
• Specimen Preparation 53
• A Practical Application of Design-Based Stereology 57
• Results 59
• Conclusion 60
• References 61

5 Practical Stereology for Preclinical Neurotoxicology 63

• Mark T. Butt
• Background 63
• Specimen Quality 64
• Practical Stereology 70
• Software Validation/Verifi cation 70
• References 72

6 An Overabundance of Prefrontal Cortex Neurons Underlies Early Brain Overgrowth in Autism 73

• Eric Courchesne, Peter R. Mouton, Michael E. Calhoun, Clelia Ahrens-Barbeau, Melodie J. Hallet, Cynthia Carter Barnes, Karen Pierce, and Katarina Semendeferi
• Background 73
• Methods 74
• Results 78
• Discussion 80
• Acknowledgments 81
• References 82

7 Order in Chaos: Stereological Studies of Nervous Tissue 85

• Peter Dockery
• Background 85
• The Stereological Approach 85
• Axonal Number and Composition in the Murine Optic Nerve 91
• Axonal and Fiber Size Distributions 92
• The Myelin Sheath 93
• Conclusion 94
• References 95

8 Comparative Stereology Studies of Brains from Marine Mammals 99

• Nina Eriksen and Bente Pakkenberg
• Background 99
• Description of Different Marine Mammalian Brains 99
• Parts of the Brain 102
• References 109
• Appendix: Cited Stereological Approaches 110

9 Quantitative Assessment of Hippocampus Architecture Using the Optical Disector 113

• Shozo Jinno
• Background 113
• The Hippocampus 114
• Conclusion 123
• References 123

10 The Possible Applications (and Pitfalls!) of Stereological Analysis in Postmortem Brain Research 129

• Ahmad A. Khundakar and Alan J. Thomas
• Background 129
• The Legacy of Two-Dimensional (2D) Analysis 129
• Density: A Necessary Evil 130
• “Come on, Feel the Noise”: Recognizing Confounding Factors 130
• “I Am Not a Number”: The Importance of Sound Patient Clinical History 131
• Lessons Learned from Stereology: Toward a More Unifi ed Approach to Brain Banking and Postmortem Tissue Research (and Beyond!) 132
• Obtain the Full Reference Volume or “Make Do and Mend” 133
• Turn Down the “Noise” 134
• “Check the Information, Expand the Knowledge” 135
• Show Your Work! 135
• Conclusion 136
• Acknowledgments 136
• References 136

11 Visualization of Blood Vessels in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Environments for Vascular Stereology in the Brain 139

• Zerina Lokmic
• Background 139
• Vascular Stereology of Tissue Sections 139
• Visualization of Brain Blood Vessels 142
• Conclusion 149
• Acknowledgment 149
• References 149

12 Blood Flow Analysis in Epilepsy Using a Novel Stereological Approach 153

• Rocio Leal-Campanario, Luis Alarcon-Martinez, Susana Martinez-Conde, Michael Calhoun, and Stephen Macknik
• Background 153
• Materials and Methods 155
• Results 166
• Discussion 172
• References 173

13 AD-Type Neuron Loss in Transgenic Mouse Models 177

• Kebreten F. Manaye and Peter R. Mouton
• Background 177
• Materials and Methods 179
• Results 182
• Discussion 185
• Acknowledgments 187
• References 188

14 Quantification in Populations of Nonuniformly Distributed Cells in the Human Cerebral Cortex 191

• William L. Maxwell
• Background 191
• Materials and Methods 191
• Results 196
• Discussion 205
• References 208

15 The Effects of High-Fat Diet on the Mouse Hypothalamus: A Stereological Study 211

• Mohammad Reza Namavar, Samira Raminfard, Zahra Vojdani Jahromi, and Hassan Azari
• Background 211
• Materials and Methods 212
• Results 213
• Discussion 215
• Acknowledgments 217
• References 218

16 2D and 3D Morphometric Analyses Comparing Three Rodent Models 221

• JiHyuk Park and S. Omar Ahmad
• Background 221
• Materials and Methods 221
• Results 226
• Discussion 230
• References 235

17 A Stereologic Perspective on Autism Neuropathology 237

• Neha Uppal and Patrick R. Hof
• Background 237
• Cortical Areas 237
• Hippocampus 248
• Noncortical Areas 249
• Conclusions 253
• References 254
• Index 257

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